Browsing by Author "Danyuo, Yiporo"
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Item Development of a low-cost biomedical device to enhance pneumonia diagnosis in children(MRS Advances, 2020) Mhandu, Esau; Danyuo, YiporoPneumonia has contributed greatly to child mortality, especially among children under the ages of five in sub-Saharan Africa, killing more children than the number of children dying from HIV/AIDS. The current methods of diagnosing pneumonia involved physical examination and chest x-ray which are limited by low accuracy, high error margins, higher cost, and stands the risks of inducing cancer. In this work, a low-cost, non-invasive biomedical device was designed and developed to improve accuracy in diagnosing pneumonia. The device functions to detect fluid in a lung consolidated by pneumonia. Dry grouting sponge was used as a phantom for a healthy lung, while a wet sponge was used to mimic a pneumoniaconsolidated lung. Surface exciter was used to produce sound waves which travelled through one side of the phantom and are detected on the other end using an electronic stethoscope. The signals detected were digitally analyzed using MATLAB and AUDACITY software. The differences in resonant frequencies from the power spectrum analysis of sound waves as they travelled through the sponges were used to distinguish between a pneumonia-consolidated lung and a healthy lung.Item Effect of particle size and sintering time on the mechanical properties of porous Ti–6Al–4V implant(Springer Nature, 2020-04) Azeez, Akeem A.; Danyuo, Yiporo; Obayemi, John. D.Titanium alloys have been extensively used in biomedical applications owing to its low density, excellent biocompatibility (i.e., biological and chemical inertness), and unique mechanical properties. However, there is a high disparity between Young’s moduli of the implant and the natural bone. This disparity causes stress shielding in the body. This paper presents the effect of particle size and sintering time of Ti–6Al–4V powder used in the formation of a porous implant, sintered at 980 °C. Morphological characteristics of the sintered samples were obtained with a scanning electron microscope. The effect of surface hydrophilicity of the samples was elucidated via surface wettability testing using contact angle measurement with bio-fluid. Mechanical characterization was also evaluated with nanoindentation and a universal testing machine. The relation between Young’s modulus and sintering time was presented. It was observed that the wettability decreases with sintering time and the Ti alloy powder with particle size < 150 µm had the Young’s modulus that is closer to the modulus of the bone; the optimum sintering time was 5 h.Item Laser application of nanocomposite hydrogels on cancer cell viability(MRS Advances, 2020) Danyuo, Yiporo; Salifu, A. A.; Ani, C. J.; Dozie-Nwachukwu, S.; Ezenwafor, Theresa; Yirijor, J.Nanocomposite hydrogels of poly-n-isopropyl were prepared by incorporating gold and magnetite nanoparticles. The nanocomposite-based hydrogels formed were geometrical, ~7.3 mm in diameter and 5 mm thick (in the swollen state). Morphological analysis was characterized by a scanning electron microscope. Drug-loaded hydrogels were subjected to laser heating at 1 W, 1.5 W and 2 W for 20 min in each laser cycle. The metabolic activities of the cells were analysed. The photothermal conversion efficiency of the nanocomposite hydrogels was also evaluated for P(NIPA)-AuNP-PG and P(NIPA)-MNP-PG to be 36.93 and 32.57 %, respectively. The result was then discussed for potential applications whereby metalbased hydrogels can be employed in microfluidic devices for targeted cancer drug delivery.Item Mechanical characterization of earth-based composites materials reinforced with treated bamboo fibres for affordable housing(MRS Advances, 2020) Asare, Benjamin Jnr; Danyuo, YiporoThis paper presents the characterization of laterite-cement-based matrix composites, reinforced with chemically modified bamboo fibers. Fiber extraction and chemical modification were first explored by soaking slabs of bamboos in NaOH solution (5 wt.% of NaOH in distilled water) for 14 days. Fiber characterization, as well as the flexural and compressive strength of reinforced composites, were carried out with MTS universal mechanical testing machine. Comparative results on the compressive and flexural strength were obtained at 80 wt.% laterite (L) to 20 wt.% cement (C) with fiber ratios from 5-25 wt%. The compressive strength of the composites varied from 7.2 MPa (at 5 wt.% bamboo fiber) to 17.67 MPa (at 25 wt% fiber blocks). The hardness of the composites was found to improve from 66.67-75.0 HD with bamboo fibers. Results were then discussed for possible structural applications such as enhancing low-cost building blocks for rural communities in Ghana.Item Recycling of plastic waste materials: Mechanical properties and implications for road construction(MRS Advances, 2020) Panashe, Jennifer Alista; Danyuo, YiporoThis paper presents a recent study on recycling poly-ethylene-tetraphylate (PET), known as plastic waste material in Ghana, to wealth. Composites were produced by heating aggregates together with shredded PET plastic waste material, while bitumen was added to the plasticcoated aggregates. The composites produced were reinforced with 4.5 wt%, 9.0 wt%, 13.6 wt%, and 18.0 wt% PET. Mechanical properties of the fabricated composite samples were studied with a Universal testing machine for optimization. The work demonstrated that shredded PET plastic waste material acts as a strong binding agent for bitumen that can improve on the shelf life of the asphalt. From the results, 13.6 wt% concentration of PET was shown to experience the maximum compressive strength and flexural strength. Besides, water resistance was shown to increase with PET concentrations/weight fraction. From the data characterized 13.6 wt% of PET plastic gives the optimum plastic concentration that enhances the rheological properties of bitumen. The implications of the result are therefore discussed for the use of 13.6 wt% PET in road construction.